Nigeria and US Sign Critical Minerals Framework to Deepen Mining Investment

Nigeria and the United States have signed a framework agreement aimed at attracting greater American investment into Nigeria’s mining sector and developing the country’s estimated $700 billion mineral resources. The agreement was signed in New York on September 23 by Nigeria’s Minister of Solid Minerals Development, Dele Alake, and US Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau on the sidelines of the 81st United Nations General Assembly. According to Reuters, the framework covers geological data, mineral exploration, mineral development and processing, infrastructure, and technical capacity building, creating a structure for deeper government cooperation and future business to business partnerships.

The agreement comes as Washington seeks to diversify global supply chains for critical minerals used in industries including electric vehicles, renewable energy and advanced technology, while Nigeria looks to reduce its dependence on oil and move beyond exporting largely unprocessed minerals. Nigeria has significant deposits of lithium, gold, tin, iron ore, phosphate and other minerals, with lithium emerging as an increasingly important area of investment. ChannelsTv reported that Chinese companies have been among the most active foreign investors in Nigeria’s developing lithium industry, adding a strategic dimension to the country’s efforts to attract US capital and technology. Alake said Nigeria “cannot remain a source of raw materials while others capture most of the value”, highlighting the government’s focus on local processing, skills development and job creation.

For Nigeria, the significance of the framework will ultimately depend on its conversion into commercially viable mining projects, processing facilities and infrastructure investment. The agreement does not represent a $700 billion US investment commitment, with the figure referring instead to the Nigerian government’s estimated value of its mineral resources. Its immediate purpose is to create a framework through which specific projects and private sector partnerships can emerge. With both countries seeking more resilient critical mineral supply chains, the partnership could position Nigeria more prominently in the global minerals market while supporting its ambition to retain greater economic value from its natural resources.